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A gaming control board (GCB), also called by various names including gambling control board, casino control board, gambling board, and gaming commission) is a government agency charged with regulatingcasino and other types of gaming in a defined geographical area, usually a state, and of enforcing gaming law in general.

The State Government has welcomed passage of legislation to progress important reforms to the way the gambling sector in South Australia is regulated. Under the reforms, the Independent Gambling Authority will cease operations on December 1 – with all regulatory and policy activity to be undertaken by Consumer and Business Services. Gambling Prevalence in South Australia (2012) Page. The Social Research Centre. Problem Gambling. The prevalence of problem gambling. In 2012 was 0.6% of. All South Australian adults; a further 2.5% were classified as moderate risk gamblers and 7.1% as low risk gamblers. Frequent gamblers. Available in the National Library of Australia collection. Author: South Australia. Independent Gambling Authority; Format: Journal, Online; v.; 30 cm. National Library of Australia. Login Register. Search the catalogue for collection items held by the National Library of Australia. South Australia. Independent Gambling Authority.

• 1Rules and regulations
• 3Gaming control boards
  • 3.2Regional and tribal associations
    • 3.2.3North America

Rules and regulations[edit]

Gaming control boards are usually responsible for promulgating rules and regulations that dictate how gaming activities are to be conducted within a jurisdiction. The rules and regulations stem from the jurisdiction's enabling act. Generally, the enabling act is passed by the legislature and sets forth the broad policy of the jurisdiction with regard to gaming; while the rules and regulations provide detailed requirements that must be satisfied by a gaming establishment, its owners, employees, and vendors. Typically, rules and regulations cover a broad range of activity, including licensing, accounting systems, rules of casino games, and auditing.

The Independent Gambling Authority is the senior regulatory authority that is responsible for control, monitoring and regulation of commercial forms of gambling in South Australia. The functions of the Authority are required to be performed independently of Ministerial direction. To own and operate gaming machines in South Australia you must have a gaming machine licence and hold gaming machine entitlements. Each gaming machine licence specifies the maximum number of gaming machines approved for a venue. The most any venue can have is 40 machines.

Licensing[edit]

Gaming control boards also have complete authority to grant or deny licenses to gaming establishments, their ownership, employees, and vendors. Generally, in order to obtain a license, an applicant must demonstrate that they possess good character, honesty and integrity. License application forms typically require detailed personal information. Based upon the type of license being sought, an applicant may also be required to disclose details regarding previous business relationships, employment history, criminal records, and financial stability.

Generally, the gaming license application process and subsequent investigation is quite burdensome in comparison to the process of obtaining other government-issued licenses. The difficulty of the process is intended to dissuade participation by unsavory people and organized crime.

Recently, in order to simplify the application process, various gaming control boards have collaborated on the design of 'multi-jurisdictional' application forms. Persons or vendors who are involved in gaming in multiple jurisdictions may now complete one application form and submit copies to each jurisdiction.

Enforcement[edit]

In some cases, Gaming Control Boards are responsible for enforcing the rules and regulations that they create. In other cases, a separate body or a division of the Gaming Control Board carries out the enforcement function. Most Gaming Control Boards have full authority to hear and decide civil cases brought before them by the enforcement body and thus are considered quasi-judicial bodies.

Gaming control boards[edit]

Inter-regional associations[edit]

• Gaming Regulators European Forum (GREF)
• International Association of Gaming Regulators (IAGR)
• North American Gaming Regulators Association (NAGRA)

Regional and tribal associations[edit]

Asia[edit]

• Macau: Macau Gaming Inspection and Coordination Bureau
• Singapore: Casino Regulatory Authority of Singapore

Europe[edit]

• Denmark: Spillemyndigheden
• france : service central des courses et des jeux , part of Central Directorate of the Judicial Police
• Gibraltar: Gibraltar Regulatory Authority
• Hungary: Gaming Board of Hungary
• Malta: Malta Gaming Authority
• Norway: Norwegian Gaming and Foundation Authority - part of Ministry of Culture
• Portugal: Inspectorate General on Gaming
• Slovenia: Office for Gaming Supervision - part of the Ministry of Finance
• Sweden: National Gaming Board
• United Kingdom: Gambling Commission
  • Alderney: Alderney Gambling Control Commission
  • Isle of Man: Isle of Man Gambling Supervision Commission

North America[edit]

Canada[edit]

In Canada, gambling is regulated exclusively by the provinces rather than federal law. But there is also the National Trade Association of Canada - The Canadian Gaming Association (CGA). This works to advance the development of Canada's gaming industry. The association’s mandate is to promote the economic value of games in Canada; Use research, innovation and best practices t.^[1][2] Regulatory agencies include:

• Nova Scotia Alcohol and Gaming Authority
• Quebec Régie des Alcools des Courses et des Jeux

United States[edit]

In the United States, gambling is legal under federal law, although there are significant restrictions pertaining to interstate and online gambling.

States[edit]

Individual states have the right to regulate or prohibit the practice within their borders. Regulatory agencies include:

• California Gambling Control Commission
• Delaware Lottery
• Maryland Lottery (Controls both the lottery and the state's slot-machine program)
• Nevada Gaming Commission^[3]
• New Jersey Casino Control Commission

Tribes[edit]

In the United States, some Native American tribal nations have established their own gaming control boards for the purpose of regulating tribe-owned casinos located within reservations. Although the tribal nation also owns the casino, appointing an independent gaming control board to oversee regulatory activities provides tribal members with assurances that the casino is operated within expected standards and that tribal revenue is accurately collected and reported. Native American casinos are subject to the provisions of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, which is enforced by the National Indian Gaming Commission (NIGC). The NIGC establishes minimum internal control standards and other requirements that each Native American gaming control board must follow. However, the NIGC does not have jurisdiction over state-regulated entities.

Oceania[edit]

Independent Gambling Authority South Australia State

• New South Wales, Australia: Gaming Tribunal of New South Wales
• Queensland, Australia: Queensland Office of Gaming Regulation/Queensland Gaming Commission
• Victoria (Australia): Victorian Commission for Gambling Regulation
• South Australia: South Australia Independent Gambling Authority

References[edit]

1. ^'Canadian Gaming Association'. canadiangaming.
2. ^'CanadianFreeSlots'. May 15, 2019.
3. ^'Gaming Regulation in Nevada'(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on August 9, 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-17.

External links[edit]

Gambling is an activity undertaken by many Australians. Over 80% of Australian adults engage in gambling of some kind, which is the highest rate of gambling in the world.^[1] This number includes some 4% of the adult population who play the pokies once a week, accounting for some 62% of locals’ annual gambling spend.^[2]

Gambling is a significant public health issue, with around 80,000 to 160,000 (or 0.5 - 1.0%) of Australian adults experiencing significant problems from gambling and a further 250,000 to 350,000 (or 1.4 - 2.1% of adults) experiencing moderate risks that may make them vulnerable to problem gambling.^[3]

• 2New South Wales

Revenue[edit]

In 2015-16, gambling revenue made up 7.7% of state and territory taxation revenue. The rate was lowest in Western Australia (2.5%) and highest in the Northern Territory (12.0%). Gambling revenue made up 2.5% of total state revenue when other revenue sources were taken into account. The rate was lowest in WA (0.9%) and highest in Victoria (3.2%). Gambling revenue as a portion of state taxation revenue has fallen for all states and territories between 2006–07 and 2015-16.^[4]

Total Australian gambling revenue in 2008-09 was just over $19 billion and the share of household consumption was 3.1%^[3]

New South Wales[edit]

New South Wales has a long history of gambling; Australia's first official horse racing meeting occurred in 1810 at Hyde Park in Sydney; the first official Australian lottery occurred in 1881 at the Sydney Cup; and registered clubs operated the first legal poker machines in Australia from 1956.^[5]

Approximately 95,800 of 'pokies' are in NSW, a state total beaten only by Nevada, which operated 181,109 gambling machines in 2014.^[6]

Between 1 December 2017 to 31 May 2018 NSW Clubs made a net profit of $1,945,161,625 and hotels made a net profit of $1,169,040,731 from pokies alone.^[7]

Fairfield[edit]

Fairfield had the highest poker machine revenue in the state for 2013, generating $298 million in clubs and $93 million in pubs, from the start of the year to August.^[8] This figure is $123 million greater than the combined total of profits generated from poker machines in the City of Sydney.^[8]

Hunter Region[edit]

From January to March 2013 poker machines in the Hunter region had a turn over of $4.5 billion, showing an increase of $500 million since 2010.^[9] Daily figures show a spend of $12.5 million, working out to be $8682 per minute.^[9] The Office of Liquor Gaming and Racing found that Newcastle was the Hunter Regions most profitable location with the 3206 poker machines averaging $44,963 each.^[9]The top five most profitable clubs for gaming revenue in the Hunter region in 2010 were:^[10]

• 1. Western Suburbs Leagues Club (Wests), New Lambton
• 2. Wests (formerly Club Phoenix), Mayfield
• 3. Wallsend RSL & Community Club, Wallsend
• 4. Belmont 16 Foot Sailing Club, Belmont
• 5. Cardiff Panthers, Cardiff

The top five most profitable hotels for gaming revenue in the Hunter region in 2010 were.^[10]

• 1. The George Tavern, East Maitland
• 2. Bay Hotel Motel, Bonnells Bay
• 3. Hotel Jesmond, Jesmond
• 4. The Lake Macquarie Tavern, Mount Hutton
• 5. Warners Bay Hotel, Warners Bay

Central Coast Region[edit]

According to the latest figures from Liquor and Gaming NSW there are 4,046 poker machines in 39 clubs on the Central Coast, and 626 poker machines in 29 hotels; making a total of 4,672 poker machines on the Central Coast. That means 2.37% of the total number of poker machines in Australia are on the NSW Central Coast.^[11]

Gosford has approximately 1928 pokies, spread across 37 venues. That is the equivalent of one poker machine for every 71 adults. In 2010-11, venues in Gosford made approximately $95,865,000 in profit from pokies. That equates to $700 for each adult member of Gosford's population.^[12]

Wyong has approximately 2608 pokies, spread across 35 venues. That is the equivalent of one poker machine for every 47 adults. In 2010-11, venues in Wyong made approximately $123,159,000 in profit from pokies. That equates to $1,000 for each adult member of Wyong's population.^[12]

The Central Coast has a higher prevalence of problem gambling than the NSW average. Young men between the ages of 18-24 living on the Central Coast are the biggest players of poker machines in NSW and are the highest risk group for problem gambling.^[13]

In 2008 Central Coast Gambling Help carried out a survey of 200 young people aged from 13-24 and found:

• 96% of people from 18-24 had gambled for money or possessions
• 62% of those under 14 years old and 77% of those aged up to 17 had gambled for money or items, including mobile phones and MP3 players
• 25.5% of 14- to 17-year-olds and 55% of 18- to 24-year-olds had lost more than they had intended
• and 6% under 18 had played a poker machine^[14]

Regulatory authorities[edit]

Since the introduction of new gambling services, including online gambling, the Commonwealth has taken a more active role in the regulation of gambling, but the Australian gambling industry is also regulated by State and Territory authorities:^[15]

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• Australian Capital Territory - ACT Gambling and Racing Commission
• New South Wales - New South Wales Office of Liquor, Gaming and Racing
• Northern Territory - Licensing Commission
• Queensland - Office of Liquor and Gaming Regulation
• South Australia - Independent Gambling Authority
• Tasmania - Tasmanian Gaming Commission
• Victoria - Victorian Commission for Gambling and Liquor Regulation
• Western Australia - Department of Racing, Gaming and Liquor

Key Legislation[edit]

Traditionally gambling has been legislated at a state and territory level rather than by the Commonwealth:^[16]

• Australian Capital Territory
  • Betting (ACTTAB Limited) Act 1964
  • Casino Control Act 2006
  • Gaming Machine Act 2004
  • Interactive Gambling Act 1998
  • Lotteries Act 1964
  • Pool Betting Act 1964
  • Race and Sports Bookmaking Act 2001
  • Racing Act 1999
  • Unlawful Gambling
• New South Wales
  • Betting Tax Act 2001
  • Casino Control Act 1992
  • Charitable Fundraising Act 1991
  • Gambling (Two-Up) Act 1998
  • Gaming and Liquor Administration Act 2007
  • Gaming Machines Act 2001
  • Gaming Machines Tax Act 2001
  • Liquor Act 2007
  • Lotteries and Art Unions Act 1901
  • Public Lotteries Act 1996
  • Racing Administration Act 1998
  • Registered Clubs Act 1976
  • Totalizator Act 1997
  • Unlawful Gambling Act 1998.
• Northern Territory
  • Gaming Control Act 2005;
  • Gaming Machine Act 2005;
  • Northern Territory Licensing Commission Act 2001;
  • Racing and Betting Act 2004;
  • Soccer Football Pools Act 2004;
  • Totalisator Licensing and Regulation Act 2004; and
  • Unlawful Betting Act 2004.
• Queensland
  • Brisbane Casino Agreement Act 1992
  • Breakwater Island Casino Agreement Act 1984
  • Cairns Casino Agreement Act 1993
  • Casino Control Act 1982
  • Charitable and Non-Profit Gaming Act 1999
  • Gaming Machine Act 1991
  • Interactive Gambling (Player Protection) Act 1998
  • Jupiters Casino Agreement Act 1983
  • Keno Act 1996
  • Lotteries Act 1997
  • Wagering Act 1998.
• South Australia
  • Authorised Betting Operations Act 2000
  • Casino Act 1997
  • Gaming Machines Act 1992
  • Lottery and Gaming Act 1936
  • State Lotteries Act 1966
• Tasmania
  • Gaming Control Act 1993
  • TT-Line Gaming Act 1993
• Victoria
  • Casino control Act
  • Casino (Management Agreement) Act 1993
  • Gambling Regulation Act 2003.
• Western Australia
  • Betting Control Act 1954
  • Bookmakers Betting Levy Act 1954
  • Casino (Burswood Island) Agreement Act 1985
  • Casino Control Act 1984
  • Gaming and Betting (Contracts and Securities) Act 1985
  • Gaming and Wagering Commission Act 1987
  • Gaming and Wagering Commission (Continuing Lotteries Levy) Act 2000
  • Racing and Wagering Western Australia Act 2003
  • Racing and Wagering Western Australia Tax Act 2003
  • Racing Restriction Act 2003
  • Racing Bets Levy Act 2009

Online gambling[edit]

The Interactive Gambling Act (2001) was passed by the Australian Commonwealth Parliament on 28 June 2001.^[17] It received assent on 11 July 2001^[18]

The Act is targeted at online gambling operators, making it an offense for them to offer ‘real-money’ online interactive gambling to residents of Australia. It also makes it illegal for online gambling operators to advertise ‘real-money’ interactive gambling services (such as online poker and casino) to Australian citizens.^[17]That being said, the amount spent on online gaming by Australians reached some $800 million by 2010, according to the official 2010 Productivity Report of the Australian Government.^[2]

Accessing and using the interactive gambling services is not an offence. It is also allowed to companies based in Australia to offer their gambling services to gamblers located outside Australia with the exception of those countries that were called 'designated countries'.^[19]

Taxation laws on gambling in Australia[edit]

Gamblers' winnings in Australia are not taxed^{[citation needed]}. There are 3 main reasons for that:

• Gambling is not considered a profession, it's treated as a hobby or recreational activity.
• The Australian government views gains from gambling activities not as income, but as a result of good luck. Even if someone wins big, they also lose a lot in other gambling sessions.
• The government taxes gambling operators instead.^[20]

Taxation of gambling operators in Australia differs from state to state and different gambling services are taxed in a different way. There are taxes on the turnover, on player loss and net profit. As gambling operators need to obtain a license to offer their services, certain fees must also be paid at this stage of gambling business development.^[21]

The use of different tax rates and tax bases makes it difficult to compare taxes across states. For example, the ACT's keno tax rate of 2.53% of turnover is equivalent to a tax rate on gross profits of 10.12%.^[22]

Tax rates (2015–16)^[23]

Independent Gambling Authority South Australia Africa

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Independent Gambling Authority South Australia Jobs

1. ^Bryant, Nick 'Australia in thrall of gambling mania', BBC, 30 January 2007
2. ^ ^abAustralian Gambling Habits
3. ^ ^abProductivity, Commission. 'Productivity Commission Inquiry Report'. pc.gov.au/. Australian Government. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
4. ^Fourth social and economic impact study of gambling in Tasmania (2017), Volume 1: Industry trends and impacts(PDF). ACIL Allen Consulting. pp. 57–60. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
5. ^Australian Institute of Gambling Research. 'Australian Gambling Comparative History and Analysis'(PDF). www.vcgr.vic.gov.au. Victorian Casino and Gaming Authority. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
6. ^Ziolkowski, S. 'The World Count of Gaming Machines 2013'(PDF). www.gamingta.com. The Gaming Technologies Association. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
7. ^McNally, Caroline. 'Gambling in Australia'. problemgambling.net.au. Central Coast Gambling Help.
8. ^ ^abNeedham, Kristy. 'Punters in west pile money in pokies', 'The Sydney Morning Herald', Australia, 23 March 2014. Retrieved on 10 September 2014.
9. ^ ^abcPage, Donna. 'Hunter punters blow $8682 a minute on pokies', 'Newcastle Herald', Australia, 4 October 2013. Retrieved on 9 September 2014.
10. ^ ^abPage, Donna.'How the Hunter gambled $4bn', 'Newcastle Herald', Australia, 26 July 2010. Retrieved on 9 September 2014.
11. ^Office of Liquor and gambin NSW 2018 https://www.liquorandgaming.nsw.gov.au/resources/gaming-machine-data
12. ^ ^abMarkham, Francis. 'Who wins big from gambling in Australia'. theconversation.com. The Conversation. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
13. ^ACNielsen. 'Prevalence of Gambling and Problem Gambling in NSW – A Community Survey 2006'. www.olgr.nsw.gov.au. NSW Office of Liquor, Gaming and Racing. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
14. ^McNally, Caroline. 'Gambling in Australia'. problemgambling.net.au. Central Coast Gambling Help. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
15. ^Parliament Library: Gambling Policy and Regulation
16. ^Australian Gambling Statistics, 1986-87 and 2011-12, 29th Edition, 2004, p. 7.
17. ^ ^abInteractive Gambling Act Receives Assent
18. ^Interactive Gambling Act 2001: Compilation
19. ^Review of the Interactive Gaming Act 2001
20. ^Australia’s future tax system - Report to the Treasurer 2009^{[permanent dead link]}
21. ^ ^ab'Australian Gaming Council: Gamblng Taxes'(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
22. ^Joint Select Committee on Future Gaming Markets: Final Report. Parliament of Tasmania. p. 146. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
23. ^Joint Select Committee on Future Gaming Markets: Final Report. Parliament of Tasmania. pp. Tables 6–10. Retrieved 11 January 2018.

South Australian Independent Gambling Authority